Tangkuban Perahu Part 1

              Once upon a time in west Java, Indonesia lived a wise king who had a beautiful daughter.   Her name was Dayang Sumbi.  She liked weaving very much.  Once she was weaving a cloth when one of her tool fell to the ground.  She was very tired at the time so she was too lazy to take it.  Then she just shouted outloud.
‘Anybody there?  Bring me my tool.  I will give you special present.  If you are female,  I will consider you as my sister.  If you are male, I will marry you’
            Suddenly a male dog, its name was Tumang, came.  He brought her the falling tool.  Dayang Sumbi was very surprised.  She regretted her words but she could not deny it.  So she had to marry Tumang and leave her father.  Then they lived in a small village.  Several months later they had a son.  His name was Sangkuriang.  He was a handsome and healthy boy.

            Sangkuriang liked hunting very much.  He often went hunting to the wood using his arrow.  When he went hunting Tumang always with him.  In the past there were many deer in Java so Sangkuriang often hunted for deer.
            One day  Dayang Sumbi wanted to have deer’s heart so she asked Sangkuriang to hunt for a deer.   Then Sangkuriang went to the wood with his arrow and his faithful dog Tumang.  But after several days in the wood Sangkuriang could not find any deer.  They were all disappeared.  Sangkuriang was exhausted and desperate.  He did not want to disappoint her mother so he killed Tumang.  He did not know that Tumang was his father.  At home he gave Tumang’s heart to her mother.

Source :
Thanks to :
http://bbudoyono.hubpages.com/hub/The-Legend-of-Mount-Tangkuban-Perahu

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Malin Kundang Story From Padang Indonesia

Long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatera, lived a woman and her son, Malin Kundang. Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby, and he had to live hard with his mother. 

Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong child. He usually went to the sea to catch fish, and brought it to his mother, or sold it in the town.

One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing as usual, he saw a merchant's ship which was being raided by a small band of pirates. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates. The merchant was so happy and asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. Malin Kundang agreed. 

Many years later, Malin Kundang became a wealthty merchant, with a huge ship, loads of trading goods, many ship crews, and a beautiful wife. In his journey, his ship landed on a beach. The villagers reconigzed him, and the news ran fast in the town: Malin Kundang became a rich man and now he is here. His mother, in deepful sadnees after years of loneliness, ran to the beach to meet her beloved son again. 

When the mother came, Malin Kundang, in front of his well dressed wife, his crews and his own gloriness, denied to meet that old, poor and dirty woman. For three times she begged Malin Kundang and for three times yelled at him. At last Malin Kundang said to her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly peasant!" Then he ordered his crews to set sail. 

Enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if he didn't apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed and set sail.

In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too late for Malin Kundang to apologized. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship, fell on a small island, and suddenly turned into stone.

Source : 

http://malinkundang2000.blogspot.com/2005/09/malin-kundang-english-version.html

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Adjective or Relative Clause

      In Indo-European languages, a relative clause—also called an adjective clause or an adjectival clause—will meet three requirements.

      First, like all dependent clauses, it will contain a verb (and it will also contain a subject unless it is a non-finite dependent clause). However, in a pro-drop language the subject may be a zero pronoun—that is, the pronoun may not be explicitly included because its identity is conveyed by a verbal inflection.

      Next, it will begin with a relative adverb [when, where, or why in English] or a relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which in English]. However, the English relative pronoun may be omitted and only implied if it plays the role of the object of the verb or object of a preposition in a restrictive clause; for example, He is the boy I saw is equivalent to He is the boy whom I saw, and I saw the boy you are talking about is equivalent to the more formal I saw the boy about whom you are talking.

      Finally, the relative clause will function as an adjective, answering questions such as "what kind?", "how many?" or "which one?".

The adjective clause in English will follow one of these patterns:

•     Relative Pronoun [Functioning as Object of Verb] + Subject + Verb

    This is the ball that I was bouncing.

•     Relative Adverb + Subject + Verb (possibly + Object of Verb)

    That is the house where I grew up.
    That is the house where I met her.

•     Relative Pronoun [Functioning as Subject] + Verb (possibly + Object of Verb)

    That is the person who hiccuped.
    That is the person who saw me.

•     Relative Pronoun [Functioning as Object of Preposition] + Subject + Verb (possibly + Object of Verb) + Preposition

    That is the person who(m) I was talking about.
    That is the person who(m) I was telling you about.

•     Preposition + Relative Pronoun [Functioning as Object of Preposition] + Subject + Verb (possibly + Object of Verb)

    That is the person about whom I was talking.
    That is the person about whom I was telling you.

•     Possessive Relative Pronoun + Noun [Functioning as Subject] + Verb (possibly + Object of Verb)

    That is the dog whose big brown eyes pleaded for another cookie.
    That is the dog whose big brown eyes begged me for another cookie.

•     Possessive Relative Pronoun + Noun [Functioning as Object of Verb] + Subject + Verb

    That is the person whose car I saw.

Example a part of article containing the adjective clause (underline) :

The Count of Monte Cristo

      A young sailor named Edmond Dantes returned home from a dangerous voyage. Since the captain of the ship Leclere died during the voyage, Edmond Dantes took over the command of the ship Pharaon which was owned by Morrel. Morrel liked Edmond and promoted him to be the new captain of the Pharaon. Dantes was well-liked by all of the sailors, except Danglars, who was jealous of Edmond's favorable position. Edmond asked for Morrel’s consent to visit his father and then to see Mercedes, his fiance.

      When Edmond hurried to Mercedes’ house, she was having an unpleasant talk with Fernand, a soldier who loved her so much and wanted her to be his wife. But Mercedes was true to Edmond. Finally, unable to bear the sight of the happy couple, Fernand rushed out of the house. Then, Edmond and Mercedes planned their marriage,

Questions and Answers of the excercises

    Q : I talked to the woman she was sitting next to me
    A : I talked to the woman who was sitting next to me

    Q : I have a class it begins at 08.00 Am
    A : I have a class which begins at 08.00 Am

    Q : The man called the police his car was stolen
    A : The man whose car was stolen called the police

    Q : The building is very old he lives there
    A : The building where he lives is very old

    Q : The woman was ms Silvy I saw her
    A : The woman whom I saw was ms Silvy

Reference : 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_clause#Relative_.28adjectival.29_clause

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_relative_clauses

http://sentrablog.blogspot.com/2012/05/task-5-and-6-bhs-inggris-bisnis-2.html

http://free-english-lesson.blogspot.com/

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Active & Passive Sentences

1.Theory and example from active & passive voice

• Active Voice

        Active voice is where the object recieves the action of the verb.Active voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the world's languages. It is the unmarked voice for clauses featuring a transitive verb in nominative–accusative languages, including English and most other Indo-European languages.

       Active voice is used in a clause whose subject expresses the agent of the main verb. That is, the subject does the action designated by the verb. A sentence whose agent is marked as grammatical subject is called an active sentence. In contrast, a sentence in which the subject has the role of patient or theme is called a passive sentence, and its verb is expressed in passive voice. Many languages have both an active and a passive voice; this allows for greater flexibility in sentence construction, as either the semantic agent or patient may take the syntactic role of subject.

• Passive Voice

         In passive voice, the agent of the action is not the subject of the sentence. Instead, the receiver of the action becomes the subject. In other words, the person or the object which receives the consequences of that particular action becomes the subject of the sentence. for example in the active sentence, the dog chased the ball, in passive voice it is transformed as the ball is chased by the dog. Therefore, the ball thus becomes the subject of the sentence.

• Example

2.Article of Passive Voice

      Most designs for airport terminals take one of four approaches. In the linear plan, the building may be straight o curved. The passengers board aircraft parked next to the terminal. This plan works well for small airports that need to provide boarding areas for only a few aircraft at a time.

 Thanks to : 

1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_voice

2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_voice

3.http://creativewriting.wikia.com/wiki/Active_and_Passive_Voice

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Subject-verb agreement

    

    Subject-verb agreement is a grammatical rule that states that the verb must agree in number with its subject.  In English,  present tense verbs change to show agreement in the third person singular form (subjects represented by the pronouns HE, SHE, IT) by adding an S or ES. 

     

 The irregular verb BE has three forms in the present tense and two forms in the past tense:

 

Subject-verb agreement often causes problems when a noun rather than a pronoun is the subject of the verb. 

 

Example :

1.Nobody is here.

2.The students in addition to the teacher are all receiving special recognition for their excellent research. 

3.Some people in my office are very annoying

4.Few mountain climbers have successfully reached the peak of Mt. Everest.

5.I am on the bus.

6.Two hours is a long time to wait to see a doctor.

7.Either Bill or his family members have to approve it.

8.I was having my meal when you came in yesterday.     

9.Jim as well as his friends is a good swimmer.

10.They were talking about the latest movies. 
 
Thanks to :

1.http://www.myenglishteacher.net/subject_verb_agreement.html

2.https://eee.uci.edu/programs/esl/svlink.html

3.http://cutewriting.blogspot.com/2009/02/subject-verb-agreement-with-examples.html

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